Emperor Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Pius Augustus (188-217), belonging to the dynasty of the Severians, reigned from 198 to 217, the years of his death. He was the nicknamed “Caracalla”, because he wore a particular cloak with hood, of Celtic origin, that he himself introduced to Rome. The image that he wanted of himself on coins and official portraits had to give him a terrible aspect as an emperor to love but above all to fear; a propagandistic direction necessary to hold firmly the reins of an already vacillating empire; but it was undoubtedly also a far sighted emperor.
The most famous portrait of Caracalla is the one with the twist of the head, preserved in the Vatican Museums of which this marble bust is one of several known replicas. The occasion of the portrait, judging by the numerous copies and comparisons with the medieval cones, had to be assuming all the responsibilities of the empire after the killing of Geta (212). The attitude of the young emperor is depicted with the unusual twist of the head to the left and with an accentuation of psychological characters, inspired by Hellenistic prototypes but revisited according to the Roman feeling. The robe is made of bordeaux marble, an imperial colour and the head is composed with great care to the composition of the volume, with thick hair and coagulated in short curls and a beard with a rough and confused look. The intense expression is highlighted by some physiognomy traits of the emperor, such as the “V” wrinkled forehead, the sunken eyes, ruffled lashes, the long-clamped lips.
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